Thursday, May 21, 2020

The Origns of Marijuana - 726 Words

The origins of The Cannabis use began in the Chinese Emperor Shen Nung in 2727 B.C. While in the Middle East, the use of cannabis spread throughout the Islamic Empire to North America. In 1545, the cannabis spread through the county; Chile began to use the drug as a fiber. Consequently, cannabis grows throughout tropical and humid parts of the world. The seeds have been used as animal food, fiber for hemp rope and oil as a vehicle for paint (Cannabis, Coca, and Poppy). Therefore, Marijuana should be removed from the criminal justice system. Legalizing and regulation marijuana can bring cash crop under the criminal justice law, bring in jobs, medical use, and overall create economic opportunities to The United States of America. There has been reports of marijuana being less harmful than alcohol or tobacco. According to the British research foundation two deaths worldwide can be directly caused by marijuana, yet 150,000 people die from alcohol and tobacco (â€Å"Marijuana Less Harmful). Moreover, CNN discusses the ongoing debate of marijuana legalization which concluded that alcohol is the most used addictive substance in the USA. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism documented that about 17.6 people suffer from alcohol abuse which causes withdrawal symptoms of anxiety, depression, insomnia, headaches, nausea, and so on. While, marijuana symptoms are not fully understood, but the NSDA states 9% of people who smoke marijuana became addicted to it. The

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

Analysis Of The Movie Madea Essay - 969 Words

However, it took her awhile to regain faith and trust, for she was a victim of childhood sexual abuse. This theme is a continuing pattern in films by Tyler Perry. The critics say, â€Å"We find that these films offer largely negative portrayals of middle-class Blacks which ultimately reify old stereotypes of Blacks in film, even while creating new ones.† One of the main characters in his films is Madea played by Tyler Perry himself. Madea is a big, strong, old black woman who has trouble obeying the law but ultimately serves her community by giving guidance to those in distress. In an article, How Do You Solve a Problem Like Madea? It discusses the concerns of her character and how it reflects back to the stereotypical modern-day black American. Tyler Perry claims that the character Madea and his stories mirror the struggle and pain he has been through. He states, â€Å"These characters are simply tools to make people laugh, and says, â€Å"And I know for a fact that they ha ve helped, inspired, and encouraged millions of people.† Tyler Perry’s movies are not just for laughter but carry a message as well. Some critics are against Perry’s approach to comedy, however, this article notes Nelson George who claims â€Å"Comedy and stereotypes go hand in hand.† Many believe Perry down plays the black middle class society. Todd Boyd, cited in this article says, â€Å"All of his productions demonize educated, successful African-Americans.† Similar to Boyd, George says, â€Å"There’s nothing cutting-edge about theShow MoreRelatedLove, Hate, and Temptation1560 Words   |  6 PagesLove, Hate, and Temptation In March 2013, Tyler Perry released Temptation: Confessions of A Marriage Counselor. This is Perry’s 15th movie, which he both wrote and directed. This film, like all of Perry-made movie, gratifies values of the African-American church-going audience. Perry grew up in New Orleans, La. Perry’s childhood was full of hard times, but was soothed by church attendance with his mother. His father, Emmitt Perry Sr. was a carpenter. The family makeup included Perry senior’sRead MoreDirector Comparative Analysis Paper ( Christopher Coby )903 Words   |  4 Pages Director Comparative Analysis Paper (Christopher Coby) To this day he is known as a successful writer, actor, director and producer. Born on September 13, 1969 by his first real name Emmitt Perry Jr. in New Orleans, Louisiana. He was one child out of four and he suffered being abused by his father who was a carpenter who â€Å"beat everything out of them†. At one point of his early teen years he tried to kill himself to get out of his struggle, butRead MoreStereotypes And Stereotypes Of African Americans Essay1468 Words   |  6 Pagestheir own self perceptions and identities (Brown, White-Johnson, and Griffin-Fennell, 2013). The media is responsible for bias and stereotyping in its portrayal of underrepresented groups in society. The dissection of these stereotypes, statistical analysis of black representation in film, and modern depictions in cinema and television will help to prove the harm misrepresentations are capable of. Ideas of black inferiority date back to the slavery era, when the division between â€Å"whiteness† and â€Å"blackness†

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

How Private Military Companies Affect Modern Africa

The prevalence of mercenaries in African warfare has been continual since the first Portuguese slavers set foot in South-West Africa 500 years ago. It is difficult to find a war in Africa, especially post-World War Two, where mercenaries were not employed by at least one side, if not both. With the growth of professionalized military companies and the loss of political will to deploy conventional forces by Western countries, the usage of mercenaries is only going to increase. This growth is leading to studies about the ethical, economic, and political applications and ramifications regarding private military companies and their future use in Africa. This literature review examines policy experts#39; and political scientists#39; research†¦show more content†¦Independent variables included competition among PMCs and resource compensation. Control variables included ethnic fractionalization, mountainous terrain, proportion of forces, gross domestic product, and levels of governmental and rebel support. The empirical research concluded two findings. If only a single PMC is hired, it is more likely to underperform and prolong civil war and if multiple PMCs intervene in an ongoing civil war it is more likely to be terminated.4 For example, if six PMCs intervene in the sixth year of a civil war, it is at least 2.5 times more likely to be terminated than if one PMC is operating in the same battle space.5 Similarly to Akcinaroglu and Radziszewski findings is research conducted by Ulrich Petersohn.6 In a 2015 article titled â€Å"Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs), Military Effectiveness, and Conflict Severity in Weak States, 1990 – 2007,† Petersohn uses empirical data to find the differences between the kinds of PMCs services offered, for example logistics versus direct combat engagement, and how they affect weak or falling states. Petersohn writes that most of this field of study thinks that PMCs adversely affect the states they are contracted to assist. â€Å"A common view is that PMSCs are menaces who simply take economic advantage of—and thereby aggravate—already bad situations.†7 Petersohn’sShow MoreRelatedThe Future Of Signal : Egypt1620 Words   |  7 PagesSIGNAL 1 THE FUTURE OF SIGNAL IN EGYPT SCCC 009-14 MAJOR HESHAM AHMED 09 Oct 2014 THE FUTURE OF SIGNAL 2 Egypt was and still occupies a distinguished place in terms of geography between Europe and the Far East in the heart of the modern world, but historically it has been her leadership in pace with the development of civilization and for most of the countries around it, especially in the telecommunications and radio filed although it did not to participate in this cultural renaissanceRead MoreGlobalization, Privatization, and Militarization: Impacts on Criminal Justice1717 Words   |  7 Pages The ideas of globalization can be traced essentially back to the origins of man when they began to move from equatorial Africa. Next were the Europeans trading for silk and spices with the Far East, eventually leading to the discovery of the Americas by Christopher Columbus traveling to the West in an effort to find a shorter route to their foreign trade partners. Modern day globalization began to come about after World War II. This was mainly due to countries such as Sri Lanka, India, and someRead MoreThe Federal Aviation Administration Is The Governing Force Of Aviation Essay1630 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Discrimination is the process of excluding a person based on a multitude of factors not limited to just age, sex or ethnicity. Just about 200 years ago, in 1808, The Congress banned the importation of slaves from Africa and they were given voting rights in 1870 with the Fifteenth Amendment [1]. Less than 100 years ago, the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution gave women the right to vote in 1920 [2]. Even more recently, the Age Discrimination Act was introduced in 1967 by the DepartmentRead MoreThe Federal Aviation Administration Is The Governing Force Of Aviation Essay1630 Words   |  7 PagesDiscrimination is the process of excluding a person based on a multitude of factors not limited to just age, sex or ethnicity. Just about 200 years ago, in 1808, The Congress banned the importation of slaves from Africa and they were given voting rights in 1870 with the Fifteenth Amendment [1]. Less than 100 years ago, the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution gave women the right to vot e in 1920 [2]. Even more recently, the Age Discrimination Act was introduced in 1967 by the Department of LaborRead MoreMedia Portrayal Of The Media Essay2318 Words   |  10 PagesThe media portrays Africa in many different lights. How the media publishes these events cause indirect consequences that affect many nations that reside in Africa . The media s attention can be short and forgotten, or have gripped the entire world watching a moment in history. We see news on a daily basis today more so now with globalization and the speed of information across the world with the power of the internet. Before that, we had to rely on books, television networks, radio, and credibleRead MoreThe New Imperialism Of The Late Nineteenth Century2143 Words   |  9 PagesNew Imperialism of the late nineteenth century? What were some of the arguments to justify this imperialism? What were the results or consequences of this imperialism? 4. Considering the period 1933 to 1945, analyze the economic, diplomatic, and military reasons for Germany’s defeat in the Second World War. Causes and Effects of The New Imperialism in World Wars What is the New Imperialism and what were the cause and effects in the World Wars in order to understand what is the â€Å"New Imperialism†Read MoreWater Management Practices : Privatization Of Municipal And Bottled Water Sources Using A Justice Oriented Ethical Framework2438 Words   |  10 Pagesdependable access to potable water supplies.† By opening the market for privatization of water allows companies to bring their technology and resources into areas lacking in quality drinking water. Although there are many critiques of corporations and the World Bank’s argument favoring privatization, which will be addressed later on. The central question is, who owns the water and how does that affect the already scarce amount of water on earth. Karl Polanyi coined the term, â€Å"fictitious commoditiesRead MoreMedia Studies; Policy Management and Media Representation6544 Words   |  27 Pages 2.2.1 Liberalisation 5 2.2.2 Privatisation 5 2.2.3 Public enterprise 6 2.2 Internal regulation 11 2.3 External regulation 11 2.4.4 Freedom of the press in South Africa 11 2.4.5 Theories 12 2.4.6 Changes after apartheid 12 2.4.7 ANC media charter policy guidelines 12 2.4.8 General laws pertaining to media freedom 12 2.4.9 Return to repressiveRead MoreThe Privatization Of Municipal And Bottled Water Sources2149 Words   |  9 Pagesprivatization of municipal and bottled water sources. In thinking through a just ethical approach relating to water, there are three parts to consider, this is sometimes referred to as the triangle of justice. First, to question what the need of water is and how it is important. Water is significant component of life, â€Å"It is the precondition of life.† Water is not only important for drinking, but for a farmer in Bolivia water is necessary for his crops and income. As well as water being used for other culturalRead MorePestal Analysis of Safaricom Ltd7289 Words   |  30 PagesLIMITED INTRODUCTION Company Background Safaricom Limited is Kenyas current leading Mobile Telephone Operator. It prides itself in providing world class GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) service to over 16 million subscribers in Kenya. The company was formed in 1997 as a fully owned subsidiary of Telkom Kenya. In May 2000, Vodafone group Plc, the world’s largest Telecommunication company acquired a 40% stake and management responsibility for the company. Safaricoms aim is to

Adolf Hitler Was Fundamental To The Nazi State Between

Adolf Hitler was fundamental to the Nazi State between 1933 to 1939. From his consolidation of power to the start of World War II, Hitler played a crucial role in nearly every aspect of Nazi Germany: its politics and internal administration, culture, military, and international relations. However, Hitler’s involvement in the German economy was limited and he neglected overseeing the daily governance of the state. Nonetheless, as the absolute dictator of Germany, his programs and policies set a determined course for the Nazi State. Essentially, the will of Hitler became the driving force and the sole embodiment of the Third Reich, as encapsulated by Bullock, ‘No other man played a role in the . . . history of the Third Reich remotely†¦show more content†¦Thus, through the principle of Fuhrerprinzip, ultimate authority rested with Hitler and extended downwards, enabling him to initiate a process of Gleichschaltung throughout the Nazi state. Hitler’s role in politics and internal administration between 1933 to 1939 was crucial to the Nazi state. Despite wielding absolute power, Hitler exercised it limitedly and infrequently, distancing himself from the daily decisions of the state, as supported by Albert Speer, Hitler’s personal architect, ‘I would often ask myself, did he really work?’ Hitler’s unwillingness to regulate a controlled system of government resulted in competition among the political and social elite as they formulated policy to what they believed to be Hitler’s will. This is demonstrated in a speech made by Werner Willikens in 1934, State Secretary in the Food Ministry, who proclaimed, ‘it is the duty of everybody to try to work towards the Fuhrer along the lines he would wish.’ As a result, the existence of government bodies whose regulatory and civil functions overlapped and clashed with each other lead to chaos and incoordination among the upper ec helons of the state. However, Hitler’s reluctance to personally initiate decisions does not compromise his significance and entail that he was, as Mommsen claims, ‘a weak dictator’ who ‘was influenced in the strongestShow MoreRelatedPolitical Ideologies During The Twentieth Century1310 Words   |  6 PagesThe twentieth century, unlike any other before it, saw dramatic changes in many different areas such as science, technology, politics, religion, and society. One of the most important changes was the increasing amount of wars. People have died in wars since the very beginning, but in the twentieth century wars began to generate much higher body counts both among armies and civilian populations, being terminal and causing a drastic amount of casualties. Furthermore, in the twentieth century, two opposingRead MoreHitler vs. Gandhi1721 Words   |  7 PagesGandhi was born on October 2, 1869 in the small western Indian state of Porbandar under the name Moha ndas Karamchand Gandhi (Ghandis Life) . When Gandhi was finished with high school, he entered a small Indian college, the Samaldas College at the University of Bombay (Mahatma). After beginning his education here, however, he decided he disliked and traveled to the University College London, leaving his wife and infant son (Ghandis Life). It was while attending school in London that heRead MoreAdolf Hilter Was Not Born A Monster Essay1490 Words   |  6 PagesAdolf Hilter was not born a monster, he was molded into one. Hard to believe that this man that had cause so much harm didn’t rise from the gates of hell. A man that had no remorse for his action and genuinely thought he was doing good for his people, a man that prosecuted and murdered millions for his belief of the greater good, his belief of the superior race, a man that inflicted fear into the whole world. 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The main points of the holocaust are Hitler, his hatred towards Jews, the â€Å"superior† race and how so many lives were lost in concentration camps. First off, Adolf Hitler was the son of Klara and Alois Hitler. Hitler was the leader of Nazi Germany nicknamed Der Fà ¼hrer (German for The Leader). He was born April 20, 1889, in BraunauRead MoreThe Rise Of Nazism And The Holocaust1668 Words   |  7 Pagesaltering the course the world takes. Adolf Hitler is one of these individuals. Hitler, the figurehead of the Nazi regime that led Germany to World War II, and instigated one of the most infamous genocides in history, the Holocaust. The impact Adolf Hitler had on history, namely, the rise of Nazism and the Holocaust is a lso due to a favourable set of circumstances that without them Hitler himself would not have been enough. 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Only after the camps began to be liberated by the Allied forces was when the truth of the situation was divulged to the public, and the Germans saw the consequence of their ignorance. That was the initial belief, anyway, but as time progressed history and research shows that the majority of ordinary Germans were aware of the evolving horror of Hitler s Holocaust. Germans wereRead MoreThe Cause And Effect Of The Holocaust1811 Words   |  8 Pagesthere was one event that deeply influence the world and the Jews today, it was the Holocaust. Holocaust, a term that people use to describe the horrible event that happened during World War II which kill millions of innocent citizens. The Holocaust started at January 13, 1933, when Hitler became the leader of Germany. It continued until the V - E Day, which happened on May 8, 1945. 6 million Jews, and 5 million non-Jews were k illed during the Holocaust. The causes and effect of the Holocaust was Hitler’s

Why was there a successful revolution in February 1917 in Russia Free Essays

By 1917, Russia in a state where demonstrations were becoming more frequent each week. Many of these demonstrations happened in Petrograd over food shortages and oppositions grew against the Tsar as this happened. The number of demonstrators rose to nearly of quarter of a million. We will write a custom essay sample on Why was there a successful revolution in February 1917 in Russia? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Russian people were constantly being let down by the Tsar and the depression grew. The war caused most of these food shortages, as any available food would be taken to soldiers instead of the rest of the population. The strains from the war caused an impact on all societies. The peasants suffered most of the hardships of the war and so became much more radical and revolutionary groups began. Many of the concessions made by Tsar to the middle class societies were still controlled by the Tsar like the Dumas and so the growth political opposition grew. These are some of the cause of why the February revolution was a success. The Tsar was not a very good ruler of the country. He listened to others for advice and rarely made his own decisions. The personality of the tsar was clearly an aspect that contributed to the deterioration of the Russian government. He was often a charming person but very weak. Nicholas believed in the firm system of autocracy. Nicholas exercised his power through the army, the secret police and the Russian Orthodox Church. The tsarist regime was resist to change and the repression of the tsarist system like the Okhrana (secret police) caused many people to think about the system. The effects of the war generally the main reason why there was a revolution in 1917. When Russia first joined the war in 1914, there was patriotism and loyalty to the tsar and for the war. People wanted a short and victorious war but they were still behind in technology and agriculture for of at least 50 years. But when Russia had lost their first battle, the morale of the army and also the population of the country were low. The low morale continued as the war progressed. Russia was continuing to have high casualties and kept losing supplies and food and the fact that they had no good quality weapons meant that they were not going to be successful in the war. The war caused a shortage of food; this was because any food available would go straight to the soldiers. The war speeded up the process of change- people had soon had enough of the tsar and of what they thought was a pointless war. There was also an economic collapse, which affected all societies after Russia pulled out of the war. The landowners of large estates were hit by a collapse in the value of land. Many industrialists realised that when they failed to secure government orders for war goods, they found themselves disappearing of the markets and many small businesses found themselves bankrupt. The food shortage led the prices of meat and flour rising by 300 per cent. The war also caused wages to fall and so strikes and protests occurred. The growth of political opposition grew. Many groups got organised. The liberals, the social revolutionists, the socialists, Bolsheviks and Mensheviks all had a problem with the Tsar and its regime. The political opposition started happening from 1905. This was because of the 1905 revolt called ‘bloody Sunday’. In 1905 the Tsar’s government had introduced new economic policies which were aimed at strengthening the regime. But these changes were still to create tension in the future as they were still confined by the autocracy system. Even though the tsar had given the Bourgeoisie a Duma it was still controlled by the Tsar so there was still resentment and also there was no change in the government, even when the Tsar left. There was too much weakness in the economic system and there were too many pressures of the social and economic change like the industry. Before the war, the common strikes were for overworking conditions. In February, on the 23rd, there was an emergence of a ‘focus’ for political opposition. They all had a main focus, or goal. Here on the 23rd, Petrograd was at stand still. The attempts to stop the demonstrators were hinder by the police and army and so the Tsars traditional allies were breaking up even the middle class were against the Tsar. In a way, When the Tsar entered Russia into the war this would be the turning point for the 1917 revolution. This is because the war would cause food shortages and low morale of the army and the Russian people and this would just be the starting of Russia problems. It would also cause hyperinflation and the revolts. But there many other factors to be included like the repression of the tsarist government and the weakness in the economic system. It would seem like that further on Tsarism will not exist anymore in Russia. It could be said that the ultimate defeat of Tsarism was Tsarism. This was because the Tsar’s system was too harsh and unfair to peasants. How to cite Why was there a successful revolution in February 1917 in Russia?, Papers

Naming and Shaming of Young Offenders to the persistent crimes

Question: What an Update on the Naming Prohibition Of young ? Answer: Introduction Naming and shaming of young offenders is a measure that is intended at making the offenders known to the public with the thinking that they will feel ashamed and stop committing their usual offenses. This proposed punitive change seeks to prevent offenses committed by young offenders. While the measure is practical, alone cannot provide a substantial solution to the persistent crimes. It must be supported with other actions to ensure conformance by this age group. In presenting this issue, the analysis will look at the consequences of the proposed punitive changes to the young offenders, the different jurisdictions that cover the issue and other relevant policies applicable to this move. Finally, the analysis will provide a detailed review of the demerits of the proposed change and the reason it should be other actions. Background Punitivism is a context where courts become increasingly used to curb crime (Chappell Lincoln 2007). This commonly happens when the society does not have many options to deal with the increased criminal activities. The magnitude and severity of the young criminals are accelerated by the social, economic and cultural conditions prevailing in a given country or economy. This is proved by a universal evidence of what is happening across the globe and in particular those districts with the declining economies and poor districts found in large cities. The committing of these crimes is usually spotted at different levels of each social structure including a whole society, social establishment, and social groups as well as other organizations. Because the evil is clearly linked with the trends in the society, it now emerges that punitive measures are not sustainable as factors that trigger the behavior still exist. Despite this, the government has a proposed punitive changes, "naming and s haming young offenders," to mitigate crimes. The political ideologies behind this move include fear of unstable society and the inability to deal with a large number of underage criminals if put sentenced to jail (Youth Justice Act 1992). There are two main rationales to the step being proposed, and these are responsibilisation where the government is imagining that the offenders if named and shamed will become responsible citizens and also managerialism where the political class feels that the activities of the group should be managed to ensure a stable and secure community. Analysis The idea behind naming and shaming of young offenders is because the law prohibits the courts from prosecuting the miners who are between 10 and 16 years. At this age, it is expected that the individuals needed to be guided and showed good morals and behaviors that integrate with the rest of the members of the society (Jodie, 2013). Worrying is the fact these crimes persist even though on the declining trend, new young offenders are still joining the group. For example, in between 2010 and 2011, the crimes declined as follows: homicide rate 56%, assault 10%, robbery 39%, and sexual assault 31% and drug abuse 1% (Crofts and Witzleb, 2011). The agenda of the change is to ensure that the crimes committed by the minor groups are completely wiped out. The three main pillars for naming and shaming are to make the offenders consider their behaviors, reduce recidivism and support by the victims (Chappell Lincoln, 2009). Despite the punitive measure, the young people are faced with the follo wing consequences: naming and shaming of the offenders lead to their stigmatization and thus negative impact in the long term. This affects their rehabilitation process potentially leading to a situation where recidivism is increased through stronger juvenile bonds in the criminal subcultures (Australian Law Reform Commission, 2008). The result is that the named and shamed person may end up considering himself a criminal and then become deviant to good behaviors. A good example of a national jurisdiction that has incorporated such change is the United Kingdom (Shelman Strang, 2007). With this law, unlike the case of Australia, naming and shaming follow a certain procedure. First and foremost, the case is identified, and if it is categorized as deviant, then the court rules that naming and shaming be done. This is different from Australia's case because it allows naming and shaming of deviant cases. Internationally, there is no clear law that has incorporated the naming and shaming of young offenders. Perhaps, it is because there are different underlying reasons for offenses committed by young offenders. The other relevant policy that is being applied to deal with crimes committed by underage offenders is the Youth Criminal Justice Act of 2002, of Canada. As opposed to naming and shaming and even punishing the youth who commit crimes, the society is encouraged to address developmental challenges and the needs of young people. Further, the Act also recognizes the need for the communities and families to partner in eliminating crimes and also rehabilitate the young offenders. In general, all interventions to youth crimes according to the Act must be fair and proportionate to the offense itself (Youth Criminal Justice Act 2003) Recommendations From the analysis, it is clear that the approach of naming and shaming is not adequate in solving the problem of crimes committed by young people. Apart from being a source of stigmatization it also deprives out the rights of individual offenders by publicly naming them. Based on the evidence from the Canadian case, it is recommended that holistically, the government should consider both the interests of the victims and the offenders. Most probably, there could be some societal and developmental issues such as poor living standards. In so doing, the government should consider charging all offenses proportionately, promoting rehabilitation points and refereeing the deviant offenders to other programs that can address the factors underlying their behavior. Conclusion This article has clearly analyzed the punitive approach of naming and shaming of young offenders as applied the government. Evidence show that its not adequate and therefore, recommending the use of a more elaborate approach that addresses the needs of the offenders before punishing or charging them. References Australian Law Reform Commission 2008, Particular Privacy Issues Affecting Children and Young People Identification in criminal matters and court records,' Australian Privacy Law and Practice (ALRC Report 108) (Vol.3) at 2321 published at https://www.alrc.gov.au/publications/report-108 (2 April 2013) Chappell, D Lincoln, R 2007 'Abandoning Identity Protection for Juvenile Offenders' Current Issues in Criminal Justice vol 18 no 3 pp 481-487 Chappell, D Lincoln, R 2009, 'Shhh ... we can't tell you: an update on the naming prohibition of young offenders' Vol. 20 (3) Current Issues in Criminal Justice 476-484. Crofts, T and Witzleb, N 2011 "Naming and shaming" in Western Australia: Prohibited behavior orders, publicity, and decline of youth anonymity' Vol. 35 Criminal Law Journal 34 at 34 Jodie, O 2013, Naming young offenders: Implications for research for reform, Criminal Law Journal, 37 Crim LJ 377, Thom